What Is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistently high blood sugar levels. Left unmanaged, it can lead to severe complications such as retinopathy (vision loss), kidney failure, nerve damage, cardiovascular diseases, and even amputations. With over 540 million global cases and 130 million adults affected in China, diabetes remains a critical public health challenge. Shockingly, more than half of those with diabetes are unaware of their condition.
How to Diagnose Diabetes: Key Blood Sugar Indicators
A diabetes diagnosis is confirmed if you meet any of the following criteria:
- Fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L
- Random blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (measured at any time of day)
- OGTT 2-hour blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (oral glucose tolerance test)
- HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) ≥6.5%
Regular monitoring is essential, especially for high-risk groups.
Who Is at Risk for Diabetes? Top 6 High-Risk Groups
1. Family History of Diabetes
Having a first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes increases your risk by 3.43 times. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, so proactive screening is crucial.
2. Aging Population (40+ Years)
Diabetes risk rises with age. Adults over 40 should undergo annual blood sugar tests to detect early signs and prevent organ damage.
3. Overweight or Obesity
- BMI ≥24.0: Classified as overweight (BMI = weight[kg]/height[m]²).
- BMI ≥28.0: Defined as obesity.
- Central obesity: Men with waistlines ≥90 cm or women ≥85 cm face higher risks.
Action: Manage weight through calorie control and 150–300 minutes of weekly moderate exercise.
4. Sedentary Lifestyle
Prolonged sitting reduces insulin sensitivity. Break up long sitting sessions hourly and aim for regular aerobic activities like walking or cycling.
5. History of Hypertension
Up to 60% of diabetics aged 75+ also have high blood pressure. Lifestyle changes (e.g., low-sodium diet, exercise) can lower risks for both conditions.
6. Prediabetes
35.7% of Chinese adults have prediabetes, a reversible precursor to type 2 diabetes. Without intervention, 5–10% progress to diabetes yearly. Regular checkups and healthy habits are vital.
Prevention and Early Action
- Monitor blood sugar annually if you’re in a high-risk group.
- Adopt a balanced diet: Focus on whole grains, vegetables, and lean proteins.
- Stay active: Aim for 150+ minutes of exercise weekly.
- Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol.